Akiko Ikeguchi (Yokohama National Universtiy)池口明子
Hiroyuki Matsuda (Yokohama National Universtiy)松田裕之
Reiko Ohmoto (Tottori University) 大元鈴子
Hozumi Kengo (Waseda University) 穂積謙吾
Duong Nhat Long (Can Tho University)
Lam My Lan (Can Tho University)
(1) 研究目的
国境を越えたグローバルな水産物流通では,第三者機関による環境認証制度や,環境持続的なエコ・ラベルの導入が活発化している。代表的なグローバル流通種である養殖エビでは,マングローブ湿地の環境保全の観点から,ASCやGGAPなどが積極的に導入されてきた。しかし,認証コストの多くはトレーサビリティー確保や水質管理施設の併設など,小規模生産者にとって負荷が大きい項目が占めることから,小規模生産者を排除し,南側地域の経済格差を広げることが懸念されている。人工種苗や配合飼料に依存しない粗放的養殖は環境負荷が少ないだけでなく,資本力が小さい農民にとって有利である点で経済格差を是正する可能性があるが,現行の認証制度ではその価値が十分に評価されているとはいえない。一方粗放的養殖のように,生態系に対して開放的な養殖では,生産地の生態系に着目したエリア・ベースの環境管理を推進する動向(EAA:Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture)もある。さらに、野生のエビを放棄水田などの閉鎖空間に隔離して無給餌で成長させて漁獲するという、獲る漁業と養殖業のどちらともつかないようなエビ漁業が実際に存在する。今後はこうした取り組みにおける小規模生産者の位置づけも検討する必要がある。そこで本研究では,国際市場向けのエビ養殖において代表的な生産地であるメコンデルタにおいて,ピンク・ホワイトエビの粗放的な生産事業を社会経済的な側面から評価するとともに,EAAに対する生産組織の能力(ケイパビリティ)と課題を明らかにすることを目的とする。
(2) 研究内容:
ピンク・ホワイトエビの粗放的生産事業の生態学的持続性を評価し,これを選択する生産農家の社会経済的特性を明らかにする。ベトナム・メコンデルタ南部の粗放的エビ生産地域において,農家の選択肢となりうる生産システムを特定する。ここから,ピンク・ホワイトエビの粗放的生産,およびその比較対象となる生産システムを選定し,土地改変度や薬剤使用,飼料や種苗の遺伝的多様性等,一般的な認証の適合基準のほか,粗放的生産に特徴的な持続性指標を検討し,比較する。生産者の社会経済学的な属性として,土地所有,投資度,収益性,ジェンダー・エスニシティ,就学年数や生計多様度などを明らかにする。さらに,生産者が関与する生産組織と粗放的生産システムのガバナンスとの関係を明らかにする。これに基づいて生産組織のケイパビリティを検討し,両生産システムで比較する。これらの結果をもとに,ピンク・ホワイトエビ事業の社会経済的な特性と持続可能性を明らかにする。
ニッスイグループのCSR「ステークホルダーコミュニケーション」html
Akiko Ikeguchi (Yokohama National Universtiy)
Hiroyuki Matsuda (Yokohama National Universtiy)
Reiko Ohmoto (Tottori University)
Hozumi Kengo (Waseda University)
Lam My Lan (Can Tho University)
Duong Nhat Long (Can Tho University)
(1) Purpose of the research (including background of the research and the
state of research in Japan and abroad)
In the global distribution of marine products across borders, the introduction
of environmental certification systems by third-party organizations and
environmentally sustainable eco-labels is becoming more active. In the
case of cultured typical globally distributed species such as prawns, ASC
and GGAP have been actively introduced from the viewpoint of environmental
conservation in mangrove wetlands. However, most of the certification costs
are for items that are burdensome for small-scale producers, such as ensuring
traceability and installing water quality control facilities, and there
are concerns that this will exclude small-scale producers and widen the
economic gap in the southern region. Although coarse aquaculture, which
does not rely on artificial seedlings or compound feed, has the potential
to correct the economic disparity not only because of its low environmental
impact but also because it is advantageous for farmers with small capital
resources, the value of coarse aquaculture has not been sufficiently evaluated
under the current certification system. On the other hand, in the case
of aquaculture that is open to the ecosystem, such as coarse aquaculture,
there is a trend to promote area-based environmental management (EAA: Ecosystem
Approach to Aquaculture) that focuses on the ecosystem of the production
area. In addition, there is a shrimp fishery in which wild shrimp or prawn
are isolated in closed spaces such as abandoned paddy fields, grown without
feeding, and then fished, which is neither recognized as a capture fishery
nor an aquaculture. In the future, it is necessary to examine the position
of small-scale farmers in these efforts. In the Mekong Delta, which is
a typical production area for shrimp production industry for international
markets, this study aims to evaluate the coarse production of banana prawn
(Penaeus merguiensis) and Metapenaeus ensis from a socio-economic perspective, and to clarify the capabilities and
challenges of production organizations for EAA.
(2) Research plan
To evaluate the ecological sustainability of coarse production of banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) and Metapenaeus ensis and to identify the socio-economic characteristics of the production farmers.
To identify the production systems that could be an option for farmers
in the coarse shrimp production area in the southern Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
From here, we will select the coarse production of banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) and Metapenaeus ensis, as well as the production systems to be compared, and examine and compare
the sustainability indicators characteristic of coarse production, in addition
to the general certification compliance criteria, such as the degree of
land modification, chemical use, and genetic diversity of feed and seedlings.
The socioeconomic attributes of producers, such as land ownership, level
of investment, profitability, gender ethnicity, years of schooling and
livelihood diversity, will be identified. In addition, we clarify the relationship
between the production organizations in which the producers are involved
and the governance of the coarse production system. Based on this, the
capability of the production organization is examined and compared between
the two production systems. Based on these results, the socio-economic
characteristics and sustainability of the prawn production industry will
be clarified.